International Journal of Materials
E-ISSN: 2313-0555
Volume 7, 2020
Notice: As of 2014 and for the forthcoming years, the publication frequency/periodicity of NAUN Journals is adapted to the 'continuously updated' model. What this means is that instead of being separated into issues, new papers will be added on a continuous basis, allowing a more regular flow and shorter publication times. The papers will appear in reverse order, therefore the most recent one will be on top.
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Volume 7, 2020
Title of the Paper: A Novel Thermal Modeling of Through Silicon Vias in 3-D IC structures
Authors: Chandrashekhar Patil
Pages: 104-110
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.19
Abstract: Heat mitigation is a major challenge in 3-D IC (Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit) realization. A study of the analytical thermal behavior of the TSV (Through Silicon Via) is very important. Simple and compact yet other models were found deficient to solve this problem in the literature survey. In this paper resistance networks are used to model the heat transfer of the TSVs, in both vertical and horizontal directions, in simpler and compact models. The accuracy of such models is compared with commercially available CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) tool. The error of corrections between the tool and developed models are corrected by multiplication factors, resulted within 4.18% accuracy. Varying the thicknesses of a liner, filer, soldering and substrate materials are studied concerning heat transfer physical behavior of three planar TSV stacked systems. The major purpose is to incorporate both vertical and horizontal thermal resistance networks captured more accurately in heat dissipated paths. Proposed models of TSVs can be used in the active interposer simulations or in the face2face fabrication stacked methods of the 3-D IC structures.
Title of the Paper: Coordination Methods of Thioligands in Trinuclear Complexes of Platinum (II)
Authors: Khudayar Gasanov, Seljan Nurullayeva, Ziya Babayev
Pages: 100-103
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.18
Abstract: The trinuclear complexes with simple and mixed ligands of platinum (II) with mercaptoethanol and mercaptoethylamine have been generated and their contents and structures investigated by numerous physicochemical methods. Mercaptoethanol (SHCH2CH2OH) is coordinated monodentally with just sulfur atom and forms pentacyclic metalchelate ring, where as mercaptoethylamine (HSCH2CH2NH2) is coordinated monodentally as well as bidentally and forms an identical ring (pentacyclic metalchelate). The sulfur atom of ligands plays a bridge role between the metals in the trinuclear platinum complexes. The hydroxyl group of mercaptoethanol does not participate in the coordination
Title of the Paper: Preparation of Fe0.8Mn1.54Ni0.66O4 Nano-Ceramics by Sol-gel auto combustion and N2 Annealing for High Reliable NTC Thermistor
Authors: Nam-Chol Yu, IlMan Pak, SonGuk Pak
Pages: 96-99
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.17
Abstract: Fe0.8Mn1.54Ni0.66O4 nano-ceramics have been successfully prepared by sol-gel auto combustion. The microstructure and phase of these samples was observed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction. The diameters of Fe0.8Mn1.54Ni0.66O4 ceramic particles pre-fired at 800℃ range from 52 to 83nm. The powder sintered at above 1050℃ has the compact and uniform spinel structure. We have investigated the electrical characteristics of these thermistors at different sintering temperatures and concluded that the sample sintered at 1200℃ is sufficient to form the appropriate spinel phase. Moreover, the thermistor annealed for 72h at 450~550℃ in N2 atmosphere has the drift value of <0.7%.
Title of the Paper: Elasto-Damage Constitutive Modelling of Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Asad-ur-Rehman Khan, Fatima Khalid, Shamsoon Fareed
Pages: 90-95
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.16
Abstract: Use of recycled aggregates in concrete has proved to be beneficial in attaining sustainable construction without compromising overall material and structural performance when compared with concrete containing natural aggregates. However, use of the recycled aggregates in concrete have resulted in reduction in compressive and tensile strengths with the recycled aggregates percentage increase in concrete. Furthermore, it is important to note that most of the finite element software used in the construction industry use concrete model derived from the test results of the conventional concrete, therefore, they may not always predict safe solution for recycled aggregates concrete (RAC). Therefore, in this investigation elasto-damage, proposed by Khan and Zahra, for natural aggregate concrete (NAC) was modified to incorporate the influence of recycled aggregates on the behaviour of concrete. Model use four parameters α, β, γ critical energy release rate (Rc) to predict the behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete for multi axial stress states. Parameters α, β and γ are used to predict the different behavior of concrete in tension and compression while Rc controls the damage growth rate. These parameters are defined as a function of concrete compressive strength (fc/) and its initial elastic modulus (Eo). Existing test results for uniaxial compressive state of stress were used to validate this model and it was found that it predicts better post cracking and post peak-behaviour of RAC as compared to the commercially available models for conventional concrete
Title of the Paper: Performance and Life-Time Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: O. Ourahmoun
Pages: 86-89
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.15
Abstract: Perovskite-based solar cells have attracted a great deal of attention due to their rapid increase in power conversion, which has reached to 24.2%. The performance of perovskite solar cells depends on several parameters such as the absorber layer, the electron transport layer, the hole transport layer, and the electrodes, and the deposition technics. Moisture, oxygen, tem-perature and light intensity are environmental factors which can influence the stability of the photovoltaic devices and dete-riorate the performance. Also, the toxicity, caused by the presence of lead (Pb) content, is an obstacle for the commerciali-zation of the perovskite solar cells. The use of free-lead absorber layer is discussed, and solution to improve performances and stability of perovskite solar cells are proposed.
Title of the Paper: Obtaining and Research of Palladium Complexes with 4-aminopiridine
Authors: Gultakin Ajalova, Khudayar Gasanov, Seljan Nurullayeva, Ziya Babayev
Pages: 81-85
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.14
Abstract: The obtaining and investigation of various complex compounds of the biologically active aromatic heterocyclic ligands with platinum and palladium are of interest due to their potential medical applications. To that end, 4-amino pyridine containing cyclic and exocyclic nitrogen atoms has been used. The main aim of this work is to clarify which nitrogen atom of the ligand composes stronger and more stable bond. For that purpose, the synthesis of palladium salts with ligand has been accomplished within a wide interval of pH (3-12) and temperature (50-800C). The cation-anion and neutral complex compounds have been obtained depending on stoichiometric ratio of the reacting components, temperature and pH and was further studied. As a result of IR-spectroscopic investigation of synthesized complexes, the acquired information demonstrated that the pyridine nitrogen atom of the ligand is protonated and composes outer sphere as monocharged cation. However, tetraacidoanion is formed in the inner sphere. In the alkaline medium the ligand is monodentately coordinated with palladium through nitrogen atom of pyridine. The exocyclic nitrogen atom of the ligand does not participate in the coordination regardless of pH of the medium and stoichiometric ratio of the taken compounds. As a result of investigation of the thermal stability of the complexes it was determined that the neutral complexes are decomposed without melting at higher temperature than cation-anion complexes. It has been found that one of the factors that affects thermal stability is the steric structure of the complexes. The initial biological probes were accomplished and the correlation between their biological activities, composition and structures of complexes were determined. Despite the fact of taking the same medium and ligand, the cation-anion complexes indicate completely different biological activities than neutral ones.
Title of the Paper: Complexation Study of Kryptofix22DD with Ag+ Cation in Some Mixed Non-aqueous Binaries Solutions
Authors: Muhaned Mohammed Eteya
Pages: 72-80
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.13
Abstract: The complexation reactions between Kryptofix22DD, with Ag+ cation, was studied in acetonitrile-dimethylformamide (AN-DMF), acetonitrile- tetrahydrofuran(AN-THF), methanol- tetrahydrofuran (MeOH-THF) and methanol-dimethylformamide (MeOH-DMF) binary non-aqueous dissolvable arrangements at various temperatures utilizing the conductometric strategy. The conductance information shows that in all cases, the complex stoichiometry framed between the macrocyclic ligand and the metal cation is 1:1 [ML]. The experimental results indicate that in any event, the complex stoichiometry formed between the Ag+ and the Kryptofix22DD macrocyclic ligand is 1:1 (ML). The qualities the development constants of the complex have been amassed by plotting the molar conductivity bends-utilizing program, GENPLOT. A nonlinear relationship was observed between the complex's stability constant (log Kf) and the binary solvent composition. The values standard thermodynamic parameters (ΔHc° and ΔSc°) have been determined Dependence of the temperature of constant stability of the complex using van't Hoff plots. The results show that thermodynamic quantities are dependent on nature and Binary Solvent Composition solutions.
Title of the Paper: Structural, Morphological and Dielectric Studies of Sol Gel Derived Gd Doped SrTiO3-δ
Authors: Ramanjeet Kaur, Anand K Tyagi
Pages: 65-71
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.12
Abstract: Gadolinium doped SrTiO3-δ i.e. Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ for various values of ‘x’ have been successfully synthesized using sol gel technique in the reported work. XRD patterns of the obtained ceramics are found to be sharp and well defined having no impurity phases for all the compositions. Lattice parameter ‘a’ decreases with increase in the amount of Gadolinium. XRD, FESEM and EDX studies confirm the formation of Sr1-xGdxTiO3-δ ceramics with required cubic structure. FESEM/EDX analysis reveals that ceramics possess high density with marginal inter-granular porosity. The dielectric studies show that the synthesized samples possess high dielectric constants, high ac conductivity and low loss factors which further improve with gadolinium doping
Title of the Paper: Numerical Study of MHD Flow and Heat Transfer through Porous Medium between Two Parallel Plates with Hall and Ion Slip Effects
Authors: Odelu Ojjela, N. Naresh Kumar
Pages: 58-64
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.11
Abstract: This paper studies the effects of Hall and ion slip on two dimensional incompressible flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting viscous fluid in a porous medium between two parallel plates, generated due to periodic suction and injection at the plates. The flow field, temperature and pressure are assumed to be periodic functions in eiωt and the plates are kept at different but constant temperatures. A numerical solution for the governing nonlinear ordinary differential equations is obtained using quasilinearization method. The graphs for velocity, temperature distribution and skin friction are presented for different values of the fluid and geometric parameters.
Title of the Paper: Influence of Viscous Dissipation on the Exiting Sheet Thickness in the Calendering of Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Jose C. Arcos, Oscar E. Bautista, Federico Mendez, Juan P. Escandon
Pages: 52-57
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.10
Abstract: In this work we treat theoretically the calendering process of Newtonian fluids with finite sheet initial thickness, taking into account that the viscosity of the fluid is a welldefined function of the temperature. We predict the influence of the temperature-dependent viscosity on the exiting sheet thickness in the calendering process. The mass, momentum and energy balance equations, based on the lubrication theory, were nondimensionalized and solved for the velocity, pressure and temperature fields by using perturbation and numerical techniques, where the exiting sheet thickness represents an eigenvalue of the mathematical problem. The numerical results show that the inclusion of temperature-dependent viscosity effect reduces about 20% the leave-off distance in comparison with the case of temperature-independent viscosity.
Title of the Paper: CFD Analysis of Heating Pipe System from Flat Panel Display Devices
Authors: Byeong Sam Kim, Kyoungwoo Park
Pages: 47-51
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.9
Abstract: This research was conducted on numerical analysis using CFD software in forced vibration analysis of heating pipe under non uniform internal pressure. In order to have competitiveness in the enlarged OLED market, a large display fabrication technology is required. In this paper, a preliminary investigation was carried out for heating pipes using different CFD models available in FLUENT. It sets the calculation model of heat pipe OLED production process according to the characteristics of heat transfer of heat pipe, field distribution inner or outside of pipe reasonably and accurately by FULENT software. It is shown that pressure distribution on the inside of heating pipe caused by inner flow. The vibration analysis using ABAQUS program is employed to demonstrate the characteristic of vibration for each different boundary condition.
Title of the Paper: Specific Heat and Volumetric Heat Capacity of Some Saudian Soils as affected by Moisture and Density
Authors: Khaled A. Alnefaie, Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh
Pages: 42-46
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.8
Abstract: The ability to monitor soil heat capacity is an important mean in managing the soil temperature regime, which in turn, affects its ability to store heat. The effect of water content and bulk density on the specific heat and volumetric heat capacity of two Saudian soils (sand and loam) was investigated through laboratory studies. These laboratory experiments used the calorimetric method to determine specific heat of soils. For the type of soils studied, specific heat increased with increased moisture content. Also, volumetric heat capacity increased with increased moisture content and soil density. Volumetric heat capacity ranged from 1.55 to 3.50 for loam and from 1.06 to 3.00 MJ/m3/oC for sand at moisture contents from 0 to 0.20 (kg/kg) and densities from 1200 to 1400 kg/m3. Specific heat ranged from 1140 to 2090 for loam and from 800 to 1530 J/kg/ oC for sand at moisture contents from 0.01 to 0.20 (kg/kg) and soil density of 1200 kg/m3. The volumetric heat capacity and specific heat of soils observed in this study under varying moisture content and soil density were compared with independent estimates made using derived theoretical relations. The differences between the observed and predicted results were very small. Loam soil generally had higher specific heat and volumetric heat capacity than sandy soil for the same moisture content and soil density.
Title of the Paper: Algorithm to Find Technical Solutions for the Modernization of the Cold Rolling Mill of Large Diameter Pipes
Authors: Goncharov K. A., Chechulin Yu. B.
Pages: 35-41
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.7
Abstract: The problem of reconstruction and modernization of manufacturing equipment for the production of large diameter pipes was considered in this paper. To assess the strength and the technical resource of the equipment was used mathematical modeling based on the experimental results and consistent solution of nonlinear boundary value problem of the elasticity theory. The results of solution for the tube cold mill, which were used for design of the new equipment, are given
Title of the Paper: Large Eddy Simulation of Flow Past a Twisted Cylinder
Authors: Jae Hwan Jung, Hyun Sik Yoon
Pages: 29-34
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.6
Abstract: The wavy cylinder has a sinusoidal variation in cross sectional area along the spanwise direction and the twisted cylinder has been newly designed by rotating the elliptic cross section along the spanwise direction, so that the cylinder surface has a twisted spiral pattern. A twisted cylinder is investigated to observe the effect of twisted spiral pattern of the flow fields. It guarantees the accuracy of the present numerical methods that the excellent comparisons with previous studies for the cases of a smooth circular cylinder. The effect of surface torsion which is newly designed in here has been predicted and assessed in terms of the mean drag and root-mean-square (RMS) value of fluctuating lift at the subcritical Reynolds number of 3000. Subsequently, the mechanisms of enhancing the aerodynamic performance and passive control of vortex-induced vibrations are also investigated by careful analysis with the flow structures. The iso-surface of swirling strength has been imposed to identify the vortical structures in the turbulent wake.
Title of the Paper: Numerical Investigation of Oil Flow in a Hermetic Compressor
Authors: Mustafa Ozsipahi, Sertac Cadirci, Hasan Gunes, Husnu Kerpicci, Kemal Sarioglu
Pages: 25-28
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.5
Abstract: The aim of this study is to numerically investigate theeffects of various parameters on the lubricant (oil)-coolant two phaseflow in the lubrication system of hermetic compressors commonlyused on household refrigerators. Lubrication oil is pumped from thesump through an asymmetrically opened hole on the bottom of thecrankshaft (suction side or inlet) by its rotational motion and climbsas an oil film on the internal surface of the helical channel carved onthe crankshaft surface. This oil film is directed to crankshaft upperexit discharging into the coolant refrigerant and it is used tolubricate the moving components of the compressor including thecylinder piston. The oil forms an immiscible mixture with coolant,thus a two phase flow model using Volume of Fluid (VOF) method isused. Specifically, the mass flow-rate of oil is determined as afunction of the rotational speed, oil viscosity and the submersiondepth of the crankshaft in the oil-sump. With increasing rotationalspeed and submersion depth, the mass flow-rate through thecrankshaft upper exit also increases. With increasing oil viscosity themass flow-rate through the crankshaft upper exit decreases due to theincreased friction.
Title of the Paper: Deformation Mechanisms of Toughening of Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: I. A. Ovid’ko, A. G. Sheinerman
Pages: 19-24
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.4
Abstract: We provide a brief review of our recent studiesconcerning the effects of various mechanisms of plasticdeformation of nanocrystalline materials on their fracturetoughness. We consider both conventional deformationmechanisms, such as lattice dislocation slip, and the deformationmechanism pronounced mostly in nanocrystalline solids, such asgrain boundary (GB) sliding and migration. We demonstrate thatwith a decrease in grain size, the effect of conventional latticedislocation slip on fracture toughness enhancement significantlydecreases. At the same time, for nanocrystalline solids withsmallest grain size fracture toughness can be increased due to GBsliding and migration. This implies that a transition from latticedislocation-mediated toughening to GB-deformation-producedtoughening can occur at a critical grain size in nanocrystallinesolids.
Title of the Paper: A Three-Dimensional Magnetic Force Solution between Axially-Polarized Permanent-Magnet Cylinders for Different Magnetic Arrangements
Authors: Abdel-Karim Daud
Pages: 11-18
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.3
Abstract: A three-dimensional field solution is presented foraxially polarized permanent magnet cylinders. The fieldcomponents are expressed in terms of finite sums of elementaryfunctions and are easily programmable. They can be used todetermine the operating point of rare-earth magnet cylinders.They are also useful for performing rapid parametriccalculations of field strength as a function of materialproperties and dimensions. The field components aredeveloped for different magnet arrangements by taking intoaccount the back iron. Also the method of images is used. Usingthe field equations, three-dimensional analytical expressionsare derived for computing the magnetic force between axiallypolarizedpermanent-magnet cylinders for different magneticarrangements. The field calculated results are in goodagreement with the experimental data.
Title of the Paper: An Expert System for Life Prediction of Woven-roving GFRE Closed end ThickTube Subjected to Combined Bending Moments and Internal Hydrostatic Pressure using (ANN)
Authors: M. N. Abouelwafa, Hassan El-Gamal, Yasser S. M., Wael A. Al-Tabey
Pages: 6-10
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.2
Abstract: As the study of fatigue failure of composite materials needs a large number of experiments as wellas long time, so there is a need for new computationaltechnique to expand the spectrum of the results and tosave time. The present work represents a new techniqueto predict the fatigue life of Woven Roving Glass FiberReinforced Epoxy (GFRE) subjected to combinedcompletely reversed bending moments and internalhydrostatic pressure, at different pressure ratios(Pr), PPrr= 00, 00.2222, 00. 55, 00. 7777 (i.e. pressures amountingto 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of the burst pressure). Twofiber orientations, [0o,90o]3s and [±45o]3s are considered.Two neural network structures, feed-forward (FFNN)and generalized regression (GRNN), are applied,trained and tested. The groups of data considered, arethe maximum stress and the Pressure ratio with thefiber orientation. On the other hand, more accurateprediction method is obtained by using a useful expertsystem which is designed to aid the designer to decidewhether his suggested data for the composite structureis suitable or not. In this expert system a neuralnetwork is designed to consider the design data as inputand to get yes or no as output. The results showimprovement when using the one input life (N) of themaximum stress (σmax) and the pressure ratio (Pr). Alsothe feed-forward neural network shows better resultsthan that given by the generalized regression network.The designed expert system helped the designer witha100% correct conclusions about his decision of thecombination of the proposed data.
Title of the Paper: Comparative Study of Modeling of Perovskite Solar Cell with Different HTM Layers
Authors: Abdelhadi Slami, Mama Bouchaour, Laarej Merad
Pages: 1-5
http://doi.org/10.46300/91018.2020.7.1
Abstract: The efficiency of MASnI3 based solar cell with various hole transport material (HTM) layers including Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:Pss, and Cu2O is studied. Zinc oxide (ZnO) layer is proposed as electron transport layer for lead-free CH3NH3SnI3 based Perovskite solar cells. The influence of device parameters such as doping level of the active layer, thickness of the CH3NH3SnI3 layer and working temperature is discussed. For optimum parameters of all three structures, efficiency of 24.17%, 24.50%, and 25.36% for PEDOT:Pss, Spiro-OMeTAD, and Cu2O, respectively is achieved. To study the optimized performance of this Perovskite solar cell, SCAPS-1D software is considered.
